Gene therapy has become a therapeutic alternative for patients with various pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, and orphan diseases. These innovations are classified into three large groups: gene therapy, cell therapy, or tissue therapy, also called tissue engineering. Cell therapy includes procedures that manipulate cells in a laboratory culture to increase their number or change their function. Stem cells that can generate the function that others have lost are generally used. For example, they can become cells of a needed tissue, such as heart muscle. After a heart attack where a piece of muscle has died, stem cells can generate normal heart tissue.
