Artificial intelligence (AI) systems using digital fundus photography instruments have been developed for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in order to partially address the increased demand for screening related to a burgeoning diabetic population in the world. According to the International Diabetes Federation report of 2019, there are currently about 463 million persons with diabetes mellitus and this number is expected to increase to 700 million by 2045, an increase of almost 51%.
